Where wires enter an enclosure (panel) or an appliance they should be protected from physical damage.The logic is easy to understand.In this photograph, the wiring is entering a garbage disposer.Technically the NM cable used here is also improper.It should be protected from physical damage.If it were encased in a conduit, it could be considered appropriate.The easiest way to comply with all safety requirements is to use an appliance cord, not the same as but something like the male end of an extension cord, that is secured by a clamp at the appliance and is plugged into an electric receptacle.
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